Turns out it was pretty damn far.
Imgur user mattsawizard worked out the distance Frodo and Sam travelled to get from Bag End all the way to Mount Doom.

New Line Cinema
Hobbiton to Bree

Miles: 120
Hours of Walking: 40
Equivalent of: London to Nottingham
Bree to Rivendell

Miles: 300
Hours of Walking: 90
Equivalent of: Land's End to London

 
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Here's How Far Frodo And Sam Walked In "The Lord Of The Rings" Trilogy